Introduction

Before launching a USV, every survey system should be checked carefully. The survey sensors, navigation system, communication equipment, and onboard computer must all work together correctly.

A proper setup reduces errors, improves survey quality, and helps the USV complete the planned survey safely.

Equipment Required

Before starting the survey, make sure you have the following equipment:

• USV (Uncrewed Surface Vessel)
• Multibeam Echo Sounder or Single Beam Echo Sounder
• GNSS Receiver
• GNSS Antenna
• Motion Sensor (MRU or INS)
• Heading Sensor
• Sound Velocity Sensor (if required)
• Survey Computer
• Hydrographic Survey Software
• Remote Control Unit
• Radio Communication System
• Batteries
• Battery Charger

Step 1 – Inspect the USV

Check the hull, motors, propellers, rudders, antennas, and mounting brackets.

Look for loose parts, damage, or anything that could affect the survey.

Make sure all waterproof covers are closed properly.

Step 2 – Charge and Install the Batteries

Fully charge all batteries before going to the survey site.

Install them securely inside the USV.

Check the battery level on the control software before launching.

Step 3 – Install the Survey Equipment

Install the Multibeam Echo Sounder or Single Beam Echo Sounder according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Check that the transducer is mounted securely below the waterline.

Install the GNSS antenna, heading sensor, and motion sensor in their correct positions.

Step 4 – Connect the Sensors

Connect all survey sensors to the onboard survey computer.

Check every cable and connector carefully.

Confirm that the software detects all connected devices without errors.

Step 5 – Configure the Survey Software

Open the hydrographic survey software.

Create a new project and enter the correct coordinate system, vessel offsets, sensor offsets, draft value, and communication settings.

Confirm that the live position, heading, and depth data are updating correctly.

Step 6 – Plan the Survey Lines

Create the survey area and generate survey lines inside the software.

Review the route carefully before sending it to the USV.

Make sure the planned survey lines provide complete coverage of the survey area.

Step 7 – Check the Communication Link

Turn on the remote-control system and establish communication between the operator and the USV.

Verify that live data, GPS position, battery status, and sensor information are updating in real time.

Do not launch the USV if the communication signal is unstable.

Step 8 – Perform a System Check

Before launching, check:

• GNSS Position
• Heading
• Motion Sensor
• Echo Sounder
• Battery Level
• Motor Response
• Radio Communication
• Data Recording

Everything should operate normally before starting the survey.

Step 9 – Launch the USV

Carefully place the USV in the water.

Check that the motors respond correctly and the vessel remains stable.

Allow the USV to move a short distance while monitoring all survey data.

Step 10 – Start the Survey

Send the USV along the planned survey lines.

Monitor the vessel position, survey coverage, sensor status, battery level, and communication link throughout the mission.

After completing the survey, safely return the USV and save all collected data.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Launching the USV with a low battery, entering incorrect sensor offsets, losing communication, forgetting to start data recording, and not checking GNSS quality can reduce survey accuracy.

Always complete a full system check before beginning the mission.

Best Practices

Keep the USV clean after every survey.

Inspect propellers and motors regularly.

Calibrate sensors according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Monitor battery health and communication quality during every mission.

Back up survey data immediately after the survey is complete.

Conclusion

A properly prepared USV helps survey teams collect accurate hydrographic data safely and efficiently. By following the correct setup procedure, surveyors can reduce errors, improve data quality, and complete surveys with confidence in rivers, lakes, ports, reservoirs, and coastal waters.